![]() Sports-related concussion is a traumatic brain injury induced by biomechanical forces. Protective gear should be worn to prevent overall head and dental injuries, but this has not been clearly shown to reduce the incidence of concussion in most sports. Treatment focuses on symptom management with the same medications used in patients without a concussion.Īn individualized approach to the gradual return to activity after concussion is favored over rigid guidelines, and most algorithms allow for patients to progress at various rates.Īfter an initial brief rest period, individuals with concussion should be encouraged to gradually return to normal daily routines, such as school, work, and leisure activities, as tolerated.Ī more conservative approach, including waiting longer for return to activity/return to play and more frequent follow-up, is recommended for children and adolescents with concussions.Ĭhildren and adolescents should not return to play in sport until they have successfully tolerated returning to school. No medications are available specifically for concussion. The degree and duration of rest are not well defined, but most guidelines recommend at least 24 to 48 hours. Initial management of concussion includes brief cognitive and physical rest. Imaging should be used only to eliminate concerns of more significant injuries and not for evaluation of uncomplicated concussion.Įarly patient education and reassurance are a cornerstone of concussion management. There is limited research in the younger population however, given concern for potential consequences of injury to the developing brain, a more conservative approach to management is warranted.Īthletes should not return to play until symptoms of concussion are completely resolved and they are cleared by a health care professional. ![]() Those with risk factors, such as more severe symptoms immediately after injury, may require longer recovery periods. As symptoms resolve, patients may gradually return to activity as tolerated. Individuals recover from concussion differently therefore, rigid guidelines have been abandoned in favor of an individualized approach. Initial management also involves patient education and reassurance and symptom management. Brief cognitive and physical rest are key components of initial management. If concussion is suspected in an athlete, the athlete should not return to play until medically cleared. Tools to aid diagnosis and monitor recovery include symptom checklists, neuropsychological tests, postural stability tests, and sideline assessment tools. Initial evaluation involves eliminating concern for cervical spine injury and more serious traumatic brain injury before diagnosis is established. Signs and symptoms are nonspecific therefore, a temporal relationship between an appropriate mechanism of injury and symptom onset must be determined. Concussion can affect a variety of clinical domains: physical, cognitive, and emotional or behavioral. Concussion is caused by direct or indirect external trauma to the head resulting in shear stress to brain tissue from rotational or angular forces. Mild traumatic brain injury, also known as concussion, is common in adults and youth and is a major health concern.
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